It may be easier for dogs or cats to immigrate to the United States than for humans. They do not need passports. There are, however, requirements that their owners must follow in order to bring them to the U.S. 
The importation of animals, in general, is regulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ("CDC"). There are different rules depending on the type of animal that is being imported into the United States. In addition to the CDC's regulations, each state and airline may have additional rules. This post will discuss the requirements for bringing your dog or cat into the United States.
Dogs
A general certificate of health is not required by CDC for entry of pet dogs into the United States, although some airlines or states may require them. (California does not.) Pet dogs are subject to inspection at ports of entry and may be denied entry into the United States if they have evidence of an infectious disease that can be transmitted to humans. If a dog appears to be ill, further examination by a licensed veterinarian at the owner's expense might be required at the port of entry.
Proof of Rabies Vaccination:
Dogs must have a certificate showing that they have been vaccinated against rabies at least 30 days prior to entry into the United States.
Importation of Unvacinated Dogs:
Dogs not accompanied by proof of rabies vaccination, including those that are too young to be vaccinated (i.e., less than 3 months of age), may be admitted if the importer completes a confinement agreement (see below) and confines the animal until it is considered adequately vaccinated against rabies (the vaccine is not considered effective until 30 days after the date of vaccination).
Confinement agreement (Form CDC 75.37)
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